Taking Charge: Who Gets Ovarian Cancer?
科学家发现,某些风险因素会增加女性患最常见类型卵巢癌的几率, epithelial ovarian carcinoma, 尽管在大多数情况下,这种增加的风险非常小. 大多数卵巢癌不能用任何已知的危险因素来解释. 需要在这一领域进行更多的研究,以帮助确定为什么有些女性会患上这种疾病,而有些则不会.
Risk Factors for Ovarian Cancer
Family History of Ovarian Cancer
If your mother, sister or daughter has had ovarian cancer, especially if they developed it at a young age, 你被认为有更高的患病风险.
大约7%到10%的卵巢癌是由遗传倾向导致的. 与乳腺癌(BRCA1)中发生的基因异常相同, 在较小程度上BRCA2)也可能在卵巢癌中发现.
Age
Most epithelial ovarian cancers develop after menopause. 更年期被认为是女性一年没有月经的时候. 在美国,绝经的平均年龄是51岁. 一半的卵巢癌发生在60岁以上的女性身上.
Although ovarian cancer is rare in younger women, 确实发生的类型往往比影响老年妇女的上皮性肿瘤更容易治疗. 这与乳腺癌形成对比,乳腺癌在年轻女性中往往更难治疗.
Reproductive History
女性一生中月经周期的次数与患卵巢癌的风险之间似乎存在某种关系. For this reason, 很小就开始月经(12岁之前), 30岁以后还没有孩子或第一个孩子, 50岁以后经历更年期可能会增加患卵巢癌的风险.
By the same reasoning, 使用口服避孕药(避孕药)似乎可以降低患卵巢癌的风险, especially after five years of use, perhaps because it stops the ovulation process. Having a hysterectomy, or surgical removal of the uterus, 或者输卵管结扎(捆扎输卵管以防止怀孕)似乎也能降低卵巢癌的风险.
母乳喂养会略微降低卵巢癌的风险, 很可能是因为母乳喂养可能会延迟怀孕后月经的开始.
Personal History of Breast Cancer
如果你患过乳腺癌,那么你患卵巢癌的风险就会增加. 这可能是因为某些基因的遗传突变可能会增加患这两种癌症的风险, or because of other common risk factors.
Fertility Drugs
一些研究表明,长期使用生育药物(克罗米芬柠檬酸盐)可能会增加妇女发生边缘性(0级)EOC的风险, but this is still under investigation. 一些研究表明,这不是药物本身的问题, but the underlying infertility, that increases the EOC risk.
Talcum Powder
有人认为,直接将滑石粉涂抹在生殖器部位或卫生巾上可能会导致卵巢癌, but this link is not well documented. 一些研究的发现可能与过去滑石粉有时被石棉污染有关, a known cancer-causing mineral.
Read More
- Next section of Taking Charge: If You Are at High Risk for Ovarian Cancer
Return to the Taking Charge Index
- What Is Breast Cancer?
- Breast Cancer Risk Factors
- If You Are at High Risk for Breast Cancer
- Screening for Breast Cancer
- How Is Breast Cancer Diagnosed?
- How Is Breast Cancer Treated?
- What Is Ovarian Cancer?
- Who Gets Ovarian Cancer?
- If You Are at High Risk for Ovarian Cancer
- Screening for Ovarian Cancer
- How Is Ovarian Cancer Diagnosed?
- How is Ovarian Cancer Treated?
- Living with Ovarian Cancer
- Diet, Lifestyle and Cancer
- Glossary of Terms
加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. 它仅用于教育目的,并不打算取代您的十大赌博平台排行榜或其他医疗保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论您可能遇到的任何问题或疑虑.